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''The Third Chimpanzee: The Evolution and Future of the Human Animal'' is a broad-focus book by academic and popular science author Jared Diamond, which explores concepts relating to the animal origins of human behavior, including cultural characteristics and those features often regarded as particularly unique to humans. It further explores the question of how ''Homo sapiens'' came to dominate its closest relatives, such as chimpanzees, and why one group of humans (Eurasians) came to dominate others (Indigenous peoples of the Americas, for example). In answering these questions, Diamond (a professor in the fields of physiology and geography) applies a variety of biological and anthropological arguments to reject traditional hegemonic views that the dominant peoples came from "superior" genetic stock and argues instead that those peoples who came to dominate others did so because of advantages found in their local environment which allowed them to develop larger populations, wider immunities to disease, and superior technologies for agriculture and warfare. ''The Third Chimpanzee'' also examines how asymmetry in male and female mating behaviour is resolved through differing social structures across cultures, and how first contact between unequal civilizations almost always results in genocide. The book ends by noting that technological progress may cause environmental degradation on a scale leading to extinction. The original title of the book in its initial 1991 publication was ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee: How Our Animal Heritage Affects the Way We Live''; the current title was adopted with the third edition in 2006. In between, the second edition of 2004 was titled ''The Rise and Fall of the Third Chimpanzee: Evolution and Human Life''. Diamond has expanded on themes found in ''The Third Chimpanzee'' in his later broad-audience books, including ''Guns, Germs and Steel'' (1997), which treats the question of why Eurasians came to dominate the world's other continents; ''Why Is Sex Fun?'' (1997), which concentrates on the question of sexual selection and longevity in humans; and ''Collapse'' (2005), which reviews the archeological and historical record of civilizations that have over-exploited their local environment and become extinct and raises the possibility that humanity as a whole is facing a similar crisis on unprecedented scale. ==Organization and summary== Despite the broad canvas, the book manages to link together a coherent argument, much of which was novel at the time of publication. Borrowing insights from fields ranging from the humanities (history, linguistics, anthropology), to evolutionary biology, ''The Third Chimpanzee'' compiles a portrait of humanity's success and also its potential for disaster. The book is divided into five parts. Part one deals with the similarity between humans and chimpanzees. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Third Chimpanzee」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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